Organização mundial de saúde lança Manual de saúde e segurança ocupacional ara trabalhadores que atuam em emergências de saúde pública.
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Occupational safety and health in public health emergencies
A manual for protecting health workers and responders
This manual provides an overview of the main OSH risks faced by emergency responders during disease outbreaks and other emergencies, such as natural disasters, chemical incidents, radiological emergencies and emergencies involving conflicts. The intent is to assist organizations and workplaces to better prepare and respond to these events. The manual, which is particularly focused on needs in low-resource settings, provides technical guidance on good practices and procedures in establishing systems that can: 1) reduce occupational exposures, injury, illness and death among response workers; 2) decrease stress and reduce fears; and 3)
promote the health and well-being of health-care and other response workers.
The manual has three main parts. Chapters 1 to 3 cover managerial and technical tools and strategies for managing OSH in emergency situations. These tools include an OSH management systems approach for use in emergencies, an incident command system (ICS), OSH controls and standard precautions and their application during emergencies. Chapters 4 to 8 cover OSH hazards in different types of emergencies, such as outbreak situations covering clinical and community response settings, chemical incidents, radiation incidents and natural disasters, as well as conflict situations. The Appendix includes a collection of tools and resources compiled from various resources that are intended to provide practical support to users on different aspects of OSH in emergencies and outbreaks.
Source: http://www.who.int/occupational_health/Web_OSH_manual.pdf
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Introduction . . xiii
Purpose of the manual. . xv
Chapter 1.
Occupational safety and health during emergencies: management aspects. . . 1
1.1 Management system approach to occupational safety and health hazards and risks. . . 1
1.2 Rights, duties and responsibilities of employers and workers during outbreaks and emergencies. . . 3
1.3 Overview of health and safety surveillance and monitoring system implemented during the Ebola virus disease response in West Africa. . . . 7
1.4 Emergency Responders Health Monitoring and Surveillance . . 11
Chapter 2.
Strategies and tools for protecting occupational safety and health in emergencies and outbreaks. . . 15
2.1 International Health Regulations, 2005 . . 15
2.2 Incident Command System for managing outbreaks and emergencies . . 16
2.3 The World Health Organization Health Emergencies programme. . 21
2.4 Occupational safety and health controls. . 23
2.5 Strategies for infection prevention and control. . . 24
2.5.1 Standard precautions. . 25
2.5.2 Prevention of occupational respiratory infections in health-care settings . . 35
Chapter 3.
Common risks for safety and health in emergencies. . 37
3.1 Vector-borne diseases. . . 37
3.2 Water and foodborne diseases. . . 38
3.3 Vaccine-preventable diseases . . 39
3.4 Heat stress. . . . 40
3.5 Slips, trips and falls. . . 41
3.6 Road traffic injuries. . . . . . 43
3.7 Ergonomic hazards. . 44
3.8 Violence. . 46
3.9 Fatigue. . . . 47
3.10 Psychosocial stress during outbreaks and emergencies. . 50
Chapter 4.
Occupational safety and health in outbreaks of communicable diseases: clinical and community settings. . .57
4.1 Occupational safety and health in Ebola treatment and care units. . . 58
4.2 Occupational safety and health in the cholera treatment unit . . 59
4.3 Managing occupational safety and health in laboratories handling infectious agents. .. . . . . . . . . . . . 60
4.4 Management of exposure to blood, body fluids and other contaminants in health-care settings. . 61
4.5 Occupational safety and health protection of health workers from acute respiratory diseases during respiratory disease outbreaks. . 64
4.6 Occupational safety and health in outbreak response in community settings . . 66
4.6.1 Community work (e.g. social mobilization, contact-tracing, case-finding) . . 66
4.6.2 Ambulances and vehicles for patients or dead bodies. . 67
4.6.3 Post-mortem examinations . . 68
4.6.4 Safe and dignified burials. . 69
4.6.5 Points of entry and exit, land crossings, airports and sea ports. . 71
4.6.6 Aircraft. . . 71
4.6.7 Ships. . 73
4.6.8 Taxis and public transport. . 75
4.6.9 Waste-water workers. . 76
4.6.10 Insecticidal spraying for vector control activities . . 76
Chapter 5.
Occupational safety and health in chemical incidents. . 81
5.1 Emergencies caused by chemical incidents. . . 81
5.2 Occupational safety and health hazards and risks of chemicals. . . 81
5.3 Occupational safety and health management of emergency responders during chemical incidents. . . 83
5.3.1 Incident Command System for managing chemical emergencies. . 83
5.3.2 Personal protective equipment. . 87
5.3.3 Decontamination of emergency response personnel. . . . . . . . . . . . 88
5.3.4 Medical surveillance of emergency responders. . . . 91
Chapter 6.
Occupational safety and health in radiation incidents. . 93
6.1 Sources and scenarios of radiation incidents. . . 93
6.2 Occupational safety and health management of emergency responders during radiation emergencies . . 94
6.2.1 Guidance for protection of emergency responders during radiation emergencies. . . 97
6.2.2 Incident Command System for managing radiation emergencies . . 98
6.2.3 Personal protective equipment. . . 100
6.2.4 Decontamination. . 100
6.2.5 Occupational health surveillance of persons occupationally exposed to radiation in emergencies. . . 101
Chapter 7.
Occupational safety and health hazards in natural disasters . . 105
7.1 Occupational safety and health hazards and risks due to floods . . 106
7.2 Tropical storms, hurricanes, cyclones and typhoons. . . 107
7.3 Earthquakes. . 108
7.4 Common occupational safety and health hazards encountered during response activities following natural disasters . . 109
7.4.1 Search and rescue team operations. . 109
7.4.2 Hazards and risks associated with the use of chainsaws and their control . . 112
7.4.3 Hazards due to animal/insect bites and contact with poisonous plants during outdoor work. . . .113
Chapter 8.
Managing the health and safety of health workers during humanitarian esponse in conflict situations. . .. 115
8.1 Management of occupational safety and health in health facilities during conflicts and emergencies .. 115
8.1.1 Measures for the safety of health facilities . . 116
8.1.2 Measures for protection of people working in health facilities . . 117
8.1.3 Management of stress during conflicts. . 118
References. . . . 121
Appendix
Toolkit . . . 125
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