dois abstracts de estudos destacados em Environmental Health Perspective.
1. um trata de exposições a produtos químicos (em leite materno)
2. e o outro de hipotireoidismo em aplicadores e expostos a venenos agrícolas (destaquei em negrito no Abstract)
Environmental Chemicals in Breast Milk and Formula: Exposure and Risk Assessment Implications
Geniece M. Lehmann
, Judy S. LaKind et al
First Published:6 September 2018096001 https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1953
Abstract
Background:
Human health risk assessment methods have advanced in recent years to more accurately estimate risks associated with exposure during childhood. However, predicting risks related to infant exposures to environmental chemicals in breast milk and formula remains challenging.
Objectives:
Our goal was to compile available information on infant exposures to environmental chemicals in breast milk and formula, describe methods to characterize infant exposure and potential for health risk in the context of a risk assessment, and identify research needed to improve risk analyses based on this type of exposure and health risk information.
Methods:
We reviewed recent literature on levels of environmental chemicals in breast milk and formula, with a focus on data from the United States. We then selected three example publications that quantified infant exposure using breast milk or formula chemical concentrations and estimated breast milk or formula intake. The potential for health risk from these dietary exposures was then characterized by comparison with available health risk benchmarks. We identified areas of this approach in need of improvement to better characterize the potential for infant health risk from this critical exposure pathway.
Discussion:
Measurements of chemicals in breast milk and formula are integral to the evaluation of risk from early life dietary exposures to environmental chemicals. Risk assessments may also be informed by research investigating the impact of chemical exposure on developmental processes known to be active, and subject to disruption, during infancy, and by analysis of exposure–response data specific to the infant life stage. Critical data gaps exist in all of these areas.
Conclusions:
Better-designed studies are needed to characterize infant exposures to environmental chemicals in breast milk and infant formula as well as to improve risk assessments of chemicals found in both foods.
https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1953
02. Pesticide Use and Incident Hypothyroidism in Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study
Srishti Shrestha, Christine G. Parks et al
First Published:26 September 2018097008 https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3194
Abstract
Background:
Though evidence suggests that some pesticides may have thyroid-disrupting properties, prospective studies of associations between specific pesticides and incident thyroid disease are limited.
Objective:
We evaluated associations between use of specific pesticides and incident hypothyroidism in private pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS).
Methods:
Self-reported incident hypothyroidism (n=829 cases) was studied in relation to ever-use and intensity-weighted cumulative days of pesticide use at study enrollment. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Cox proportional hazards models applied to 35,150 male and female applicators followed over 20 y. All models were stratified by state and education to meet proportional hazards assumptions (p≤0.10 for age x covariate interactions). Models of pesticides that did not meet proportional hazards assumptions were stratified by median attained age (62 y).
Results:
Hypothyroidism risk was significantly increased with ever- vs. never-use of four organochlorine insecticides (aldrin, heptachlor, and lindane among participants with attained age >62y; chlordane in all participants), four organophosphate insecticides (coumaphos in those >62y; diazinon, dichlorvos, and malathion in all participants) and three herbicides (dicamba, glyphosate, and 2,4-D in all participants). HRs ranged from 1.21; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.41 (chlordane) to 1.54; 95% CI: 1.23, 19.4 (lindane in those >62y). Hypothyroidism risk was greatest among those with higher intensity-weighted lifetime days of using chlordane, lindane, coumaphos (over age 62), diazinon, permethrin, and 2,4-D.
Conclusions:
Our findings support associations between exposure to several pesticides and increased hypothyroidism risk. These findings are generally consistent with prior analyses of prevalent hypothyroidism in the AHS. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3194
- Efetue login ou registre-se para postar comentários
